This procedure alters masculine facial features, making them softer and more typically feminine for transgender women.
The procedure reduces Adam"s apple size, involving precise shaving of thyroid cartilage, commonly for voice feminization.
The procedure transforms one"s birth sex, involving several surgeries, offering physical alignment with gender identity.
This procedure reduces throat prominence, often done under local anesthesia.
Bottom surgery | - | - | - |
The total cost is calculated individually. It may range depending on your medical issue, doctor's qualification, procedure complexity and related complications (if they occur). You’ll get the exact price for a plastic surgery procedure after a consultation with a doctor. |
Asia Cosmetic Hospital is a medical center in Bangkok, Thailand, specializing in cosmetic plastic surgery and obesity bariatric surgery. It is one of the top plastic surgery facilities in Thailand and the Asia Pacific region. The center holds ISO certification, Hospital Accreditation, and prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation. These credentials reflect its dedication to maintaining the highest patient care, safety, and quality standards.
The hospital features state-of-the-art facilities with advanced technology and a staff of highly skilled and experienced professionals. At Asia Cosmetic Hospital, plastic surgeons conduct all operations under the supervision of anesthesiologists and cardiologists, resulting in a 0% rate of patient complications post-surgery.
Wansiri Hospital is a private medical center in Bangkok, Thailand, specializing in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and plastic surgery. The hospital boasts impressive success rates, with 99.0% for tummy tuck and liposuction, 99.0% for deep plane facelifts, and 99.0% for male-to-female (MTF) surgery.
The hospital provides global-standard facilities, advanced medical technology, digitized medical operations, and premium patient services. Wansiri Hospital focuses on delivering the "New Standard of Our Own Beauty" with the motto "Your Look, Your Future." The hospital exclusively serves adult patients; around 2,000 patients seek care each year. Most visitors come from Europe, the Commonwealth, Asia, the USA, Canada, and Australia.
Bangkok Plastic Surgery is led by Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, a board-certified surgeon recognized as one of Thailand’s foremost experts in aesthetic procedures. With over 3,000 successful surgeries, he is celebrated for achieving beautiful and functional results, with patient satisfaction as a top priority.
The clinic is dedicated to personalized care, ensuring that each patient’s natural beauty, ethnic integrity, and unique identity are preserved and enhanced. Dr. Rodchareon, along with his highly skilled team, approaches every case with attention to detail, creating results that reflect the individuality of each patient.
Known for its professional yet compassionate environment, Bangkok Plastic Surgery combines expertise with artistry, offering transformative procedures designed to inspire confidence and comfort.
MAXi Cosmetic Surgery is a private multi-specialty medical center located in Bangkok, Thailand. The clinic focuses on surgery, aesthetic medicine, and cosmetology. As a leading cosmetic surgery facility, MAXi specializes in various procedures, including facelifts, breast augmentation, breast lifts, tummy tucks, and liposuction, particularly on Mummy Makeovers.
With over 20 years of experience, the expert surgeons at MAXi provide care to both Thai and international patients, adhering to international standards. The clinic utilizes advanced technology to ensure optimal results and exclusively serves adult patients. Each year, approximately 5,000 individuals choose MAXi Cosmetic Surgery for their medical needs, with many patients traveling from Europe, Commonwealth countries, Asia, the USA, Canada, and Australia to receive treatment.
At Dr. Siripong Plastic Surgery, the spacious private patient rooms provide more space with a homely feel for comfort. The rooms have en-suite bathroom facilities and numerous amenities that extend the home-like experience within the hospital.
In 2022, the rooms underwent updates with new furniture and bathrooms. They are equipped with satellite TV and wireless Internet. The rooms have family seating areas, and the facility provides extra beds for overnight guests.
Mammography | $207.96 |
Bumrungrad International Hospital is a global medical facility in Bangkok, Thailand that specializes in oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, neurosciences, heart surgery, check-ups, etc. Over 1 million patients choose Bumrungrad annually. 50% of them are international ones from over 190 countries.
The hospital is one of the largest private centers in Southeast Asia and one of the most significant world’s outpatient clinics. Bumrungrad International is recognized as TOP-10 best hospitals and TOP-30 most technologically advanced clinics in the world.
Ultrasound | $120 - $230 |
Consultation with a gynecologist | $20 - $65 |
Mammography | $220 |
Consultation with a urologist | $20 - $65 |
Our Board Certified Doctor team is led by the surgical and aesthetic expertise of a Board-Certified and renowned plastic and reconstructive surgeons and Dermatologists.
Plastic surgeon and dermatologist team are well board-certified doctors who dedicated to using advanced surgical techniques to achieve your desired look
Nirunda is one of the well-known medical facilities in Bangkok, Thailand. Aesthetic medicine and cosmetology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dermatology are the strongest specialties. The quality of medical services and treatment is confirmed by Dental Association of Thailand. Patients from the United States, Canada, the UK, and other countries choose Nirunda for healthcare.
For years Phuket has been one of the world’s favourite tourist destinations, which now welcomes millions of visitors each year, many who come for a plastic surgery makeover. Others come for the modern infrastructure, luxury resorts, fantastic shopping and restaurants or just to get away to enjoy a secluded paradise
Phuket Plastic Surgery Institute is one of the well-known medical facilities in Phuket, Thailand. Aesthetic medicine and cosmetology, Plastic Surgery are the strongest specialties. Patients from the United States, Canada, the UK, and other countries choose Phuket Plastic Surgery Institute for healthcare.
Bangpakok Hospital Group is making sure that our patients are being care for in all aspects of health.
The polyclinic has eventually moved location and was established as Bangpakok 1 Hospital, with a vision to be fully-equipped facility, and a team of expert doctors in all specialties, Dr
Bangpakok 9 International Hospital is one of the well-known medical facilities in Bangkok, Thailand. Ophthalmology, Spinal surgery, Neurosurgery are the strongest specialties. The quality of medical services and treatment is confirmed by Joint Commission International , The Institute of Hospital Quality Improvement and Accreditation. Patients from the United States, Canada, the UK, and other countries choose Bangpakok 9 International Hospital for healthcare.
Interplast Clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, is committed to providing high-quality cosmetic surgery services in a safe and fully equipped private setting with the best care. With board-certified plastic surgeons and dermatologists, the clinic offers a complete range of cosmetic surgical services to help clients gain self-confidence and a sense of well-being from looking, feeling, and functioning at their best. The clinic also provides follow-up care to ensure that clients are comfortable and confident with their decision to have cosmetic surgery and pleased with the outcome. Interplast Clinic is conveniently located in the heart of Bangkok, near the main business area and many shopping facilities.
Bottom surgery refers to gender-affirming surgical procedures that alter a person’s genitalia to align with their gender identity. It is commonly performed for transgender and non-binary individuals seeking gender affirmation.
Bottom surgery can be classified into:
An ideal candidate for bottom surgery meets the following criteria:
✅ Diagnosed with persistent gender dysphoria by a qualified professional.
✅ Has letters of recommendation from 2 mental health professionals.
✅ Has been living and presenting as their identified gender.
✅ Meets the minimum age requirement (usually 18 or 20 years old).
✅ Has completed at least 12 months of hormone therapy.
✅ Is in good physical health with no uncontrolled medical conditions.
✅ Any mental health or medical issues are under control.
✅ Maintains a positive outlook and realistic expectations about the results.
1️⃣ World’s leader in gender affirmation surgeries. According to Bloomberg, Thailand is the #1 choice for transgender patients seeking bottom surgery abroad. With over 100 gender-affirming surgeons, it attracts patients from countries like the US, Australia, and New Zealand, where waiting lists can be years long or specialists are scarce.
2️⃣ Experienced surgeons. Thai surgeons have decades of experience and international training. They are often members of prestigious organizations like the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) and the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Doctors like Pichet Rodchareon have earned their place among the world’s most esteemed SRS surgeons.
3️⃣ Affordable prices. Bottom surgery in Thailand costs up to 70% less than in countries like the US or UK. For example, MTF procedures like vaginoplasty cost between $7,000 and $20,000 in Thailand compared to $25,000 to $50,000 in the US.
4️⃣ Modern technology and techniques. Thai clinics use both “gold standard” methods for gender reassignment surgery, such as penile inversion, and the latest approaches, like peritoneal vaginoplasty. Facilities have state-of-the-art technology, including 3D imaging for pre-surgical planning and minimally invasive techniques that reduce recovery time.
5️⃣ All-inclusive packages. Thai clinics offer all-inclusive packages that cover the initial consultation, sex change surgery, anesthesia, hospital stays, post-operative care, medications, follow-ups, and airport transfers. This makes the process easier for international patients and helps them cut costs. On the other hand, clinics in the US and Western Europe usually include only the SRS surgery itself in the price.
6️⃣ Short waiting times. Unlike countries like Australia or the UK, where waiting lists for gender reassignment surgery can range from 2 to 5 years, patients in Thailand typically schedule procedures within 1 to 3 months.
7️⃣ Fewer barriers to SRS surgery. Unlike Western countries, Thailand has fewer bureaucratic requirements for sex reassignment surgery. While assessments and recommendations are still required, the process is more streamlined compared to the extensive documentation, insurance approvals, and referrals needed in the US or UK.
8️⃣ LGBTQI+-friendly culture. In 2024, Thailand became the first country in Southeast Asia to grant same-sex couples equal rights, cementing its LGBTQI+-friendly reputation. Thailand has a visible, accepted transgender community and inclusive healthcare practices. The country’s open-minded culture creates a safe, welcoming environment for patients undergoing surgery.
9️⃣ Serene environment and affordable accommodation. Hotel stays in Thailand are 50% to 70% cheaper than in the US. Patients can book high-quality 4-star hotels for $40 to $70 per night or enjoy luxury 5-star accommodations for $100 to $150 per night, compared to $150 to $300 per night in the US. Additionally, Thailand’s reputation as a world-class tourist destination offers the ideal setting for recovery. Patients can relax in luxury resorts, beachfront villas, or wellness retreats in places like Phuket, Koh Samui, or Chiang Mai.
1️⃣ High satisfaction and minimal regret
According to the Journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 99.7% of patients report satisfaction with the surgical outcomes of gender confirmation surgery. This means regrets after such procedures are almost non-existent.
2️⃣ Improved mental health and reduced gender dysphoria
Bottom surgery is linked to a 42% reduction in psychological distress and a 44% reduction in suicidal thoughts. Studies have also noted a 35% decrease in tobacco smoking, suggesting improved coping mechanisms and overall well-being.
3️⃣ Enhanced self-confidence and body satisfaction
By achieving a body that aligns with their gender identity, patients experience higher self-esteem and comfort in their physical appearance. This improvement often translates into better relationships and social interactions.
4️⃣ Increased sexual satisfaction and functional improvements
5️⃣ Social integration
With their physical body aligned with their gender identity, patients often feel more confident in public spaces and experience reduced stigma.
Surgical technique |
Tissue source |
Key benefit |
Typical depth |
Penile inversion vaginoplasty |
Penile skin |
High sensitivity, natural clitoral function |
12-16 cm (4.7-6.3 inches) |
Peritoneal vaginoplasty |
Abdominal lining (peritoneum) |
Self-lubricating, deeper canal |
14-19 cm (5.5-7.5 inches) |
Colon vaginoplasty |
Segment of colon |
Long depth, self-lubricating |
17-25 cm (7-10 inches) |
1️⃣ Vaginoplasty
The most common procedure involves reshaping male genitalia to create a functional and aesthetically pleasing neovagina.
Popular surgical techniques:
2️⃣ Labiaplasty (optional)
Typically performed several months after vaginoplasty to refine the appearance of the external genitalia by creating labia majora and labia minora.
3️⃣ Orchiectomy (optional or as part of vaginoplasty)
The removal of the testicles, often done to reduce testosterone production and eliminate the need for hormone blockers.
👉 Learn more about how male-to-female bottom surgery works.
Genital reconstruction technique |
Tissue source |
Key benefit |
Urination standing |
Sensitivity |
Possibility of penetration |
Penile size |
Surgical complexity |
Metoidioplasty |
Hormonally enlarged clitoris |
Preserves natural sensitivity, minimal scarring |
Possible with urethral lengthening |
High |
Rarely possible |
4-8 cm |
Less complex, shorter recovery period (2-4 weeks) |
Phalloplasty |
Forearm, thigh, or abdomen |
Larger, more realistic appearance |
Possible with urethral lengthening |
Moderate |
Possible with penile implants |
12.7-15.3 cm (5-6 inches) |
More complex, longer recovery period (4-6 weeks) |
1️⃣ Metoidioplasty
Utilizes the hormonally enlarged clitoris (through testosterone therapy) to transform female genitalia into a small, functional penis. The average length is 4-6 cm (1.6-2.4 inches). Metoidioplasty has a 99% satisfaction rate, allows for standing urination, and preserves sensitivity.
2️⃣ Phalloplasty
Creates a larger, more realistic penis—12.7-15.3 cm (5-6 inches). Phalloplasty uses tissue grafts from donor sites, such as the forearm, thigh, or abdomen. Patients may also undergo urethral lengthening for standing urination and can receive penile implants for penetrative sex.
3️⃣ Scrotoplasty with testicular implants
Creation of a scrotum using skin from the labia majora. Doctors can also insert silicone testicular implants for a more natural appearance.
👉 Find out more about female-to-male bottom surgery.
In Thailand, bottom surgery is 60%–80% cheaper than in the US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
Male-to-female surgery in Thailand costs between $8,000 and $20,000, with an average of around $10,000. In comparison, costs in the USA usually start around $25,000 and average at $50,000.
Female-to-male surgery in Thailand ranges from $12,000 to $22,000. Phalloplasty costs around $15,000, while metoidioplasty ranges between $5,400 and $12,000. In contrast, female-to-male gender reassignment surgery can cost $30,000 for metoidioplasty in the USA and can reach up to $134,000 for a multi-stage phalloplasty.
You can compare average prices for bottom surgery in the table below.
Country |
Male-to-female surgery cost |
Female-to-male surgery cost |
Thailand |
$8,000–$20,000 |
$12,000–$22,000 |
United States |
$25,000–$50,000 |
$30,000–$134,000 |
United Kingdom |
$15,000–$43,000 |
$50,000–$88,000 |
Australia |
$20,000–$30,000 |
$50,000–$80,000 |
New Zealand |
$54,000 |
$219,000 |
New Zealand presents a uniquely challenging case. Patients needing FTM surgeries can face costs of up to $219,000 due to a lack of surgeons and domestic options. At the current rate, it would take 50 years to clear the waiting list for gender reassignment surgery in New Zealand.
💰 Check out Bookimed’s comprehensive guide to the cost of transgender surgery.
Most major insurance providers in the US offer plans that cover sex reassignment procedures like bottom surgery. However, coverage for sex change surgery performed abroad is often limited or unavailable. It’s best to contact your insurance provider directly and ask about your policy inclusions and limitations. Patients can also explore medical travel insurance and financing options provided by Thai clinics.
According to Bookimed’s research, the following are the top 3 clinics in Thailand for gender reassignment surgery. They stand out for their surgical expertise, comprehensive service packages, and high patient satisfaction.
Clinic |
Highlights |
Included services |
Cost |
Patient rating |
- Dr. Pichet Rodchareon, Thailand’s #1 gender-affirming surgeon - Over 3,000 successful surgical procedures |
- 4-star hotel stay - General anesthesia - Pre-op tests and follow-ups - Medications - Transfers and language assistance |
$9,500–$10,000 |
⭐ 5.0 |
|
- 99% success rate for male-to-female surgeries - High-tech hospital with “Clean Room” standards and advanced air filtration - Famous male-to-female surgery patient: Fuschia Anne Ravena (Miss International Queen 2022) - Handles 2,000+ patients annually from across the world - Offers a variety of surgical techniques |
- Variety of techniques: penile peritoneal vaginoplasty, colon vaginoplasty, penile inversion - Full hospital stay (meals included) - Pre-op exams, anesthesia, and post-operative care - Hotel stay post-surgery - Transfers - Vaginal dilators, wound dressing, and medications - A dinner cruise |
$10,000–$21,000 |
⭐ 4.7 |
|
- ISO and JCI-accredited facility - Dr. Akkrasash Vongjirad, 25+ years of experience - Personalized VIP services with English-speaking support |
- Comprehensive pre-op exams (blood tests, X-rays, EKG) - General anesthesia and VIP nursing care - Medications and a 6-month post-op follow-up |
$6,900–$12,500 |
⭐ 4 |
🏨 Hospital: Bangkok Plastic Surgery, Bangkok
Dr. Pichet is one of Thailand’s top gender-affirming surgeons. He has performed over 3,000 successful surgeries, including bottom and facial feminization surgeries.
Memberships:
🏨 Hospital: Wansiri Hospital
A renowned plastic surgeon with 30 years of experience, Dr. Saran specializes in complex gender affirmation surgeries, including penile inversion, peritoneal, and colon vaginoplasty. He was trained under Dr. Preecha Tiewtranon, Thailand’s first SRS surgeon.
Leadership and international training:
Memberships:
The requirements for bottom surgery in Thailand vary from clinic to clinic, but many follow the guidelines set by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), considered the gold standard for transgender healthcare. Here are common eligibility criteria:
✅ Letter(s) from a psychologist. Most clinics require 1 or 2 letters from a mental health professional. They should confirm that you’re mentally prepared for sex change surgery and that it is expected to alleviate gender dysphoria.
✅ Optional reference letter. From a family member, friend, or employer (not always required).
✅ Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Proof of at least 1 year on hormone therapy.
✅ Pre-surgery lab tests: Chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (EKG), and blood tests.
To prepare for gender reassignment surgery, you should:
Patients usually need to stay in Thailand for 3 to 4 weeks:
Your clinic will provide specific guidelines based on your surgical procedure and individual progress.
How long does the recovery process take, and what does it involve?
Initial recovery takes about 6-8 weeks, but complete healing may take up to 1 year.
What it involves:
What it involves:
Although gender reassignment surgery is safe in the hands of experienced surgeons, it has certain risks, like any surgical procedure. These include:
If these complications arise, they can be successfully resolved by an experienced medical team. That’s why it’s crucial to carefully select a qualified clinic and surgeon. Bookimed works only with verified clinics and can connect you with top surgeons specializing in gender-affirming surgery.
Some patients choose to combine several surgeries during their stay in Thailand to achieve a complete gender transition. In addition to bottom surgery, Thailand offers the following gender-affirming medical procedures:
1️⃣ Top surgery (chest surgery)
2️⃣ Facial surgery
3️⃣ Body contouring
Liposuction and fat grafting to create a more feminine or masculine body shape.
4️⃣ Voice modification surgery
Voice feminization (glottoplasty) or masculinization procedures to alter pitch and resonance.
💚 Submit a request. Fill out a form on the Bookimed website with details about your sex reassignment surgery goals.
💚 Consult with a medical coordinator. A dedicated Bookimed coordinator will contact you to discuss your preferences, answer questions, and present you with the best options.
💚 Choose the right clinic. With the help of your coordinator, select a top clinic in Thailand that meets your medical needs and budget.
💚 Receive a personalized quote. Once you choose a clinic, you’ll get a complete cost estimate with no hidden expenses.
💚 Plan your trip. Bookimed will help you arrange appointments, transfers, and accommodations to make your gender transition stress-free.
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