Best Brain MRI diagnosticians: TOP 180 doctors

Op. Dr. Kemal Paksoy was born in Trabzon in 1982. In 2007, he graduated from Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine. In 2014, he completed his specialty training at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery. Between 2014-2018, he worked at Rize Kaçkar State Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic. Between 2018 and 2024, he worked at Memorial Hospitals Group Spine Center. Since 2023, he has been a member of the academic staff as Dr. Faculty Member at Üsküdar University Faculty of Medicine. Since 2024, he has been working at NPISTANBUL Brain Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic.

Dr. Kemal Paksoy has also worked in many clinics in the fields of neuromodulation and algology and has participated as a participant, speaker and organizer in dozens of scientific meetings held in Turkey and abroad.

He has published in many international and national scientific journals.

Bakü 146 numaralı lise /2006

Azerbaycan Tip Fakültesi lisans / 2013

İstanbul Üniversitesi- Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesinde Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ihtisası / 2019

Dr. Elshad Gulmammadov is a specialist on psychiatric illnesses. He was born in Azerbaijan, Baku in 1987. 

Dr. Manfred Mühlbauer is a leading spinal neurosurgeon. He graduated from Vienna Medical University and now serves as a visiting professor there. He has more than 30 years of experience. His main focus is minimally invasive and reconstructive spinal neurosurgery. He also specializes in microsurgery for intervertebral disc hernias, vertebrostenosis, and stabilization procedures for spinal instability.

Dr. Mühlbauer is a board-certified neurosurgeon and intensive medicine specialist. He holds ECFMG certification and has completed international training in advanced spinal techniques. Since 1994, he has held senior roles in the neurosurgical department at Donauspital. In 2002, he joined the hospital’s board of directors. He is recognized for his scientific work and leadership in neurosurgery.

Dr. İdris AVCI was born in Ordu in 1988. After primary and high school education in Germany, he graduated from Yeditepe Faculty of Medicine in 2014. In 2020, he became a specialist in Brain and Nerve Surgery from Health Sciences University Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital (Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital). In 2022, he received "Fundamental Neuroscience and Neuroimaging" education at John Hopkins University, USA. In 2023, he completed his Health Tourism Certification from Sakarya University of Applied Sciences. In the same year, he was certified as a football physician by FIFA. In 2020-2022, he worked at Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic and worked as a clinical chief. Between 2022-2024, he worked in the Spine Center at Memorial Hospitals Group. Since 2023, he has been working at Üsküdar University as a Dr. He continues in the academic staff as an Education Officer. Since 2024, he has been working at NP Brain Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic.

Dr. İdris AVCI has worked in many clinics such as Germany, the Netherlands, Slovenia and has taken part in dozens of scientific meetings both in Turkey and abroad as a participant, speaker and organizer.

He has published in many international and domestic scientific journals. He has academic book chapters and editorials published by distinguished bookstores.

Specialist of regenerative medicine

*CURRICULUM VITAE*

*ASSOC. PROF. DR. BURAK ORHAN BORAN*  

Specialist in Neurosurgery  

EDUCATION:

• Turhan and Mediha Tansel Primary School (1979–1984)
• Kültür College (1984–1988)
• Semiha Şakir High School (1988–1991)
• Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (1991–1997)
• Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Specialist Training (1997–2002)
• Title of Associate Professor in Neurosurgery (May 31, 2021)

ADDITIONAL TRAINING:

- “Visiting Physician”, University of Southern California, Department of Neurosurgery (1998)

- “Microsurgery Training”, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara Training and Research Hospital (2003)

*WORK PLACES:*

- GATA Haydarpaşa Training Research Hospital (2002–2003)

- Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training Research Hospital (2003–2005)

- Özel Avicenna Ataşehir Hospital (2005–2012)

- Özel 29 Mayıs Hospital (2012–2013)

- Maltepe State Hospital (2013–2018)

- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital (2018–2020)

- Özel Academic Hospital (2020–2022)

- Hisar Intercontinental Hospital (2022–2024)

- Özel Medipol Acıbadem Regional Hospital (2024-present)

*ADMINISTRATIVE AND ACADEMIC POSITIONS:*

- Board Member of the Society of Neurosurgeons (2006–2009)

- Emergency Service Responsibility at Maltepe State Hospital (2014–2016)

- Assistant Chief Physician at Özel Academic Hospital (2020–2021)

- Member of the Advisory Board at Beykent University Faculty of Medicine (2018–2024)

- Faculty Member at Galata University Faculty of Health Sciences (2022–2024)

- Director of the Continuous Education Center at Galata University (2022–2024)

*PUBLICATIONS IN SCIENCE CITATION INDEX AND SCI EXPANDED:*

- Guculu B, Deniz L, Yuce Y, Adilay U, Aytar H, Turkoglu M, Tiryaki M, Ozdek R, Boran BO: Transformational epidural steroid injection in the treatment of pain in foraminal and parameidan lumbar disc herniations. Turkish Neurosurgery 30: 394-399, 2020.

- Boran P, Tokuc G, Boran BO, Oktem S: Intracerebral hematoma as a complication of intrathecal methotrexate administration. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 50:152-154, 2008.

- Boran BO, Boran P, Barut N, Akgun C, Celikoglu E, Bozbuga M: Evaluation of mild head trauma in pediatric population. Pediatric Neurosurgery 42:203-207, 2006.

- Tokuc G, Boran P, Boran BO: Cleidocranial dysplasia in a mother and her daughter within the scope of neurosurgery. Journal of Neurosurgery (4 Suppl Pediatrics) 104:290-292, 2006.

- Celikoglu E, Boran BO, Bozbuga M: Abscess formation in Rathke’s cleft cyst. Neurology India 54(2):213–214, 2006.

- Bozbuga M, Boran BO, Sahinoğlu K: Surface anatomy of the posterolateral cranium regarding the localization of the initial burr-hole for retrosigmoid approach. Neurosurgical Review 29(1):61–63, 2006.

- Boran BO: Rhombencephalosynapsis: a rare cerebellar malformation. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish) 23(1):46-48, 2006.

- Boran BO, Colak A, Kutlay M: Erythropoietin enhances neurological recovery after experimental spinal cord injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 23:341–345, 2005.

- Colak A, Boran BO, Kutlay M, Demircan N: A modified technique of syringosubarachnoid shunting for the treatment of syringomyelia. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 12(6):677–679, 2005.

- Bozbuga M, Celikoğlu E, Boran BO: Hydatid cyst of the craniocervical junction: case report. Neurosurgery 57(1):193, 2005.

- Boran BO, Akgün C, Bozbuga M: Calvarial remodeling for the treatment of scaphocephaly in a 4-month-old boy: a technical note. Turkish Neurosurgery 15(1):40-44, 2005.

- Boran BO, Barut N, Akgün C, Çelikoglu E, Bozbuga M: Indications for computed tomography in patients with mild head injuries. Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 11(3):218–224, 2005.

- Colak A, Kutlay M, Boran BO, Demircan N: Identical twins presenting with hydrocephalus: one with triventricular, and the other tetraventricular hydrocephalus. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 34:187-189, 2004.

- Kurtkaya O, Elmacı I, Boran BO, Kılıç T, Sav A, Pamir MN: Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor of the midbrain tectum: a case report. Brain Tumor Pathology 19(2):97-100, 2002.

- Elmacı I, Kurtkaya O, Boran BO, Kılıç T, Pamir MN: Gliosarcoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report. Tumori 87:60-63, 2001.

- Boran BO, Kılıç T, Peker S, Şengöz M, Erdıvanlı B, Pamir N: Gamma-knife radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases. Turkish Neurosurgery 11:9-17, 2001.

*OTHER INTERNATIONAL PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS:*

- Boran BO, Colak A: Oculomotor nerve palsy due to compression by posterior cerebral artery: case report. Erciyes Medical Journal 29(2):164-167, 2007.

- Bozbuga M, Boran BO, Bayindir C: Tuberculoma of the cavernous sinus. The Internet Journal of Neurosurgery 2(2), 2005.

*PUBLICATIONS IN TURKISH MEDICAL INDEX:*

- Boran BO: Osteoid osteoma of the lumbar spine: case report. Fırat Medical Journal 13(1):71-73, 2008.

- Boran BO: Growing skull fracture: a case operated on eight years later. Inönü University Faculty of Medicine Journal 13(3):185-187, 2006.

- Boran BO: A case report of foot drop following vertebroplasty. Fırat Medical Journal 11(3):185-186, 2006.

- Boran BO, Kızılay G, Bozbuga M: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction. Turkish Neurosurgery 15(2):148-151, 2005.

- Boran BO, Dağcınar A, Özek MM: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy role in Dandy-Walker malformation. Kartal Education and Research Hospital Medical Journal 15(1):11-13, 2004.

- Boran BO, Dağcınar A, Özek MM: Repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Kartal Education and Research Hospital Medical Journal 15(1):31-32, 2004.

- Boran BO, Dağcınar A, Özek MM: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients under one year of age. Göztepe Medical Journal 19:83-86, 2004.

Dr. Oren Shibolet is a highly experienced gastroenterologist and hematologist with over 50 years of practice. He is a leading expert in liver conditions and treatments, having served as the Head of the Liver Unit at Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center. He has a degree in general medicine from the Hebrew University, a specialty in gastroenterology from the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, and is a member of multiple medical organizations. He is also an author of over 60 publications and 100 conference reports.

Education and Expertise

GATA Military Medical Faculty

GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic (Specialization)

Beykent University Hospital and Health Institutions Management (Master's)

Experience

GATA Military Medical Faculty Trainee Doctor (6 months)

Samsun Sahara Medical School Comm. (3 months)

Naval Command War Squadron TCG Diligence Medical Officer (2 years)

Dz.K.K. Submarine Battery Factory Infirmary Doctor (3 months)

Naval Forces Command Infirmary Doctor (3 months)

GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital Chief Assistant (12 years)

Kasımpaşa Marine Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic Chief (5 years)

Bahçelievler Medical Park Hospital Neurosurgery Specialist (11 years)

Altınbaş University Faculty of Medicine Neurosurgery Lecturer. Member (4 years)

Altınbaş University Faculty of Medicine Head of Neurosurgery Department. (3 years)

Basic and Advanced Cardiac life support courses (BASIC)

Basic and Advanced Cardiac life support courses (ADVANCED)

GATA Military Medical Faculty. Microsurgery Training Course

Istanbul Vatan Hospital Hand surgery microsurgery course

Neuroanatomy course

Spine Surgery course

Professional Memberships

Turkish Neurosurgery Association

Spine Society of Europe

Turkish Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery Group

• Education
• 1992-1999 - Faculty of Medicine, Technion.
• Specialization
• 2000-2005 - Internship, Institute of Visualization, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov).
• Recognized experience
• Diagnostic radiology
• Subspecialization:
• 2005-2007 - Breast imaging, Mammography Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center.
• Additional education
• 2008 - MRI of the mammary gland, internship at the Medical Center of the Curie Institute, Paris, France.
• 2012 - Training period in advanced breast imaging technologies at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
• 2009,2011,2013 - Updated courses on breast visualization.
• Clinical experience
• 2013 - Director of the Mammography Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center.
• 2007 - Maccabi HMO Breast Imaging Consultant.
• 2005 - Senior Physician, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv.
• 2000-2005 - Internship, Institute of Visualization, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv.
• 1999-2000 - Internship, Sheba Medical Center.
• Academic experience
• 2010- Breast imaging training for medical students in clinical years, Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
• 2013 - Lecturer for surgical interns, School of Continuing Education, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University.
• 2000-2005 - Lecturer in Visualization at the School of Radiography, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Bar-Ilan University.
• Trade union membership
• Israel Association of Radiologists
• Breast Imaging Department
• Israel Medical Association
• North American Society of Radiology.
• Areas of special interest and activities
• Breast biopsy and preoperative MRI-guided marking.
• Breast visualization in automated 3D ultrasound.
• Removal of breast lumps using non-invasive radiofrequency technology (BLES).
• Mammography with the introduction of a contrast agent.
• Molecular Breast Imaging, MBI (Molecular Breast Imaging)

Dr. Başak Bolluk Kılıç, MD, is a neurologist with expertise in Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. She is skilled in EEG, EMG, Botulinum Toxin treatments, and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) programming. Dr. Kılıç received advanced training in Turkey and abroad.

She practices at Istanbul Medipol University PARMER. Dr. Kılıç offers personalized and evidence-based care for patients with movement disorders. She is known for her dedication to improving patient outcomes through advanced therapies and specialized treatment plans.

Assoc. Prof.  Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz graduated from Hacettepe University in 2000 as a Medical Doctor.  She completed her specialty training in the Department of Neurology at Ankara University in 2006.

She started her compulsory service in Mardin Nusaybin State Hospital in 2007.  Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz continued her duty in Gaziantep 27 December State Hospital in 2008.  She worked as a neurologist at Biophysis Nilüfer Medical Center and Ali Osman Sönmez Oncology Hospital in Bursa between 2010-2011, and at Istanbul Universal Aksaray Hospital between 2011-2012. From October 2012, she started to work as a Doctor Lecturer in Istanbul Medipol University Neurology Department.  Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz received the title of associate professor in 2021.  In 2015, she worked as an Honorary Observer in Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation (Neuromodulation) at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology in London.  She took part in many training programs on Deep Brain Stimulation (Neuromodulation) in Turkey and abroad between 2013-2022.

Regarding her speciality in Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, she has 5 Tubitak projects, a 2-chapter book , 30 clinical researches and 80 reports presented in domestic and abroad. Assoc. Prof. Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, who is still working within the staff of Medipol University, managed the Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Unit of the Department of Neurology during her working time and plans Deep Brain Stimulation therapy applications with the neurosurgical team.

Since September 2018, she has been working as a coordinator for student education in the 5th semester of Neurology. As of December 2022, she has developed treatment plans for patients at Medipol University Istanbul Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (PARMER) and provides the most appropriate personal medical follow-up and treatment support for each patient.

PUBLICATIONS

1-Yilmaz N, Yigit A, Akbostanci MC. Clozapine induced epilepsy. Revue Neurologique 2004, Nov;160/11:1093.

2-Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Nursel Aydın. Sıcak Su Epilepsili Bir Olgu. Türkiye Klinikleri Nöroloji Dergisi 2004/Cilt2/Sayı 2.

3-Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Nursel Aydın. Refleks Epilepsiler. Türkiye Klinikleri Nöroloji Dergisi 2004/Cilt2/Sayı 2.

4-Mine Hayriye Sorgun, Bilge Koçer, Funda Kaplan, Nesrin Yılmaz, Nezih Yücemen, Canan Yücesan. Multipl Sklerozda Kraniyal Nöropati. Turk Norol Derg 2011;17:137-142.

5-Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Gökçen Duymaz, Mehmet Akif Yaşar. Parkinson Hastalığı Olan Bir Olguda Malign Sendrom. Turk Norol Derg 2012:18;123-125.

6-Yilmaz NH, Akbostanci MC, Oto A, Aykac O. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Ankara, Turkey: an analysis of diagnostic criteria and awareness. Acta Neurol Belg 2012 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print].

7-Yılmaz NH, Bingol AP. Sensitivity and specificity of Ankara University Cerebral Dominance Inventory in comparison with the Wada test. Acta Neurol Belg 2013 Jun 6 [Epub ahead of print].

8-Sema Demirci, Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Efsun Şenocak, Fatih Han Bölükbaşı. Pons Kavernomu: Kranial Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Bulguları. Turk Norol Derg 2012:19:72.

9-Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Sinem Atik Güngör, Taflan Sahlepçi. Küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri tedavisinde cisplatin kullanımı sırasında gelişen akut iskemik inme: olgu sunumu. J Kartal TR. Baskıdaki Makaleler: KEAH-26937.

POSTERLER:

-Serebral venöz tromboz ve bruselloz Birlikteliği; Olgu Sunumu (42. Ulusal Nöroloji Kongresi-Antalya 2006)

-Waldenström makroglobulinemisine eşlik eden epileptik nöbetler ve nonkonvülsif status epileptikus (42. Ulusal Nöroloji Kongresi-Antalya 2006)

-Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Ankara, Turkey (16. Uluslararası Parkinson ve Hareket Bozuklukları Kongresi-Dublin 2012).

-Konjenital Miyastenik Sendrom (29. Ulusal Nörofizyoloji EEG-EMG Kongresi- Antalya 2013).

-Beşinci haftada duyusal iletimleri normal olan bir enjeksiyon nöropatisi olgusu (29. Ulusal Nörofizyoloji EEG-EMG Kongresi- Antalya 2013).

-Olgu sunumu: Mononöritis mültipleks ve lepra (29. Ulusal Nörofizyoloji EEG-EMG Kongresi- Antalya 2013).

-İdyopatik Parkinson Hastalığı’nda hızlanmış unutma ve uyku kalitesi (10. Ulusal Parkinson ve Hareket Bozuklukları Kongresi-Antalya 2013).

-Hiperglisemiye bağlı hemikore ve bazal gangliyon hiperintensitesi: Olgu sunumu (10. Ulusal Parkinson ve Hareket Bozuklukları Kongresi-Antalya 2013).

Dr Önul is FROM THE BEST DOCTORS in the field of Endoscopic skull base surgery and pituitary surgery Brain tumor surgery (Neuro Oncological surgery)


I was born in Artvin in 1977. He became a doctor from KTU Faculty of Medicine in 2001, and Bakırköy Prof. Dr. I became a Neurosurgery Specialist by getting the title of specialist from Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital. Again, in the same hospital, I was entitled to the title of associate professor in 2016. I continue to work at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, where I voluntarily joined with the task of establishing the Neurosurgery Clinic with my teammates. I am married and have 2 children. I love painting. I am very interested in children's literature. I have 10 printed children's tales

Dr. Viola Fox is the Chief Physician at the Clinic for Haematology, Oncology, and Palliative Medicine at BKZ Solingen. This clinic is a certified interdisciplinary cancer center. Dr. Fox is a leading expert in drug therapy for tumor diseases in Germany and Europe. She has more than 15 years of experience in this field.

She is a member of the German Society of Oncology and Haemato-oncology (GDHO), the German Association of Physicians, and the American Association for Cancer Research. Dr. Fox is also active in molecular biology research. Her work supports progress in cancer treatment and molecular diagnostics.

Her main areas of expertise are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. Dr. Fox is known for her innovative methods and strong commitment to patient care. Her efforts have led to high recovery rates and recognition from her peers.

Specializations

Brain Tumors

Aneurysm Surgery

Pituitary Surgery

Spine Surgery

Waist neck and back hernias

Spine Tumors

Spinal Fractures

Peripheral Nerve Surgery

Dr. Gulsen Kose is a respected pediatric neurologist with over 40 years of experience. She played a key role in developing pediatric neurology in Turkey. In 1993, she helped establish the Pediatric Neurology Department at Ankara Pediatric Health and Hematology Oncology Hospital. Her work set new standards for patient care.

Dr. Kose focuses on neurodegenerative, neurometabolic, and rare acquired neurological diseases. She has special expertise in Autoimmune Encephalitis and SSPE. She is also known for her work with epilepsy, febrile seizures, and cerebral palsy. Her care has improved the lives of thousands of children.

Dr. Kose is a founding member of the Turkish Society of Developmental Pediatric Neurology. She is also active in five major international pediatric neurology societies. As a clinic chief and associate professor, she has influenced clinical protocols and specialist training across the country.

Professional experience

Since 2006, he has been Head of the Neurology Department at the Quironsalud University Hospital of Madrid and the Ruber Juan Bravo Hospital.

Professor of Medicine at the Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of the European University of Madrid, holds the national accreditation of Professor of Medical Sciences (issued by ANECA).

Doctor of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM). Award for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis (UCM, 2004): Study on the relationship of human herpes virus 6 as an environmental factor in multiple sclerosis.

Membership in scientific societies

National and International Principal Investigator in Neuroscience at Quironsalud Madrid (June 2015 – present)

President of the Research Committee of the Quironsalud University Hospital of Madrid (2012 to present).

Member of the Research Committee of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (2012-2015).

Member of the Council of the Faculty of Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid (2011-2015).

Research and Teaching

Principal investigator of 100 national and international clinical trials.

7 FIS research projects from the Carlos III Institute of Health (the last 5 as principal investigator).

10 projects from private foundations, received on a competitive basis (7 as principal investigator).

He has authored 139 international articles with a total impact factor of 949,917 and 4,552 citations. 38 books and book chapters with an H-factor of 34 (2018).

His publications stand out in journals that have the greatest global impact on research, such as the New England Journal of Medicine and the Lancet.

Dr. Rafael Arroyo has given over 300 international and national presentations at various Congresses.

Education :

Professor of Medicine at the Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of the European University of Madrid and holds the national accreditation of Professor of Medical Sciences (issued by ANECA).

Professor Dihné is a true master in understanding the subtle mechanisms of the nervous sy. His professionalism is manifested in his profound knowledge of anatomy and physiology, as well as in his ability to accurately identify and effectively treat diseases that can affect both the physical and psychological state of the patient. Professor Dihné listens carefully to everyone, creating an atmosphere of trust, and based on thorough examinations and analyses, develops an individualized treatment plan. He not only has knowledge in his hands, but also the ability to feel and understand how to restore harmony in a person's body and mind, giving them back their quality of life.

Membership in societies and awards:

German Society of Physicians. 

Research Award of the Christian and Claudia Hempel Foundation for outstanding research in the field of clinical research.

Author of numerous publications in leading medical journals in Germany and Europe.

Specialization:

• neurology
• strokes
• epilepsy
• nervous sy regeneration
• microelectrode arrays

Work experience:

2001-2004: Training at the Centre for Molecular Neurobiology in Hamburg.

2004-2011: Training at the Neurological University Clinic Düsseldorf.

2011-2013: Training at the Neurological University Hospital Tübingen and the Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research. 

Professor Dihne began his scientific career at the University of Düsseldorf. 

2013-2023  Professor Dihne successfully headed the Department of Neurology at the St. Lukas Klinik Solingen for 10 years.

Since 2024: Chief Physician at the Department of Neurology at the Academic Hospital Solingen.