Best Lip Reduction plastic surgeons: TOP 145 doctors

Dr. Linkov offers a wide variety of surgical and non-surgical options for changing the appearance of the face and neck. Whenever possible, he prefers using minimally-invasive procedures to achieve the desired result. His artistic background paired with an Ivy League medical education has given him a unique combination of skill and talent tailored for the field of facial plastic surgery. His attention to detail and facial balance are evident in the stunning, natural results he has achieved for his patients.

Philosophy
The pillars of my approach to facial plastic surgery are communication and personalization. I try to get to the root of what is bothering you about a specific feature. Sometimes it is an obvious problem and fix, but many times a subtle feature may cause a significant concern. My job is to help you look and feel your best. Confidence should be the least of your worries! I offer the latest techniques and treatments and stay at the cutting edge of facial plastic surgery. I try to be as minimally invasive as possible while still bringing you to your desired appearance. I look forward to meeting you and helping you achieve your facial aesthetic goals.

City Facial Plastics
1AB, 150 E 56th St,
New York, NY 10022
Web Address https://cityfacialplastics.com/

Our Location on the map: https://goo.gl/maps/2ijBCh1XDqJz9GM1A

https://plus.codes/87G8Q25J+VC New York

Nearby Locations:
Upper East Side | Lenox Hill | Hell's Kitchen | Midtown Manhattan | Murray Hill  
10021, 10028, 10044, 10065, 10075, 10128 | 10019 | 10022, 10017 | 10016

Working Hours:
Monday - Friday: 8AM - 5PM

Payment: cash, check, credit cards, financing.

Dr. Ismail Barut is a board-certified plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgeon. He received advanced training at Ege University and Gazi University. He also completed a specialization in hand surgery. Dr. Barut has presented at more than 10 national and international congresses. He has published several peer-reviewed articles, including new techniques for head and neck reconstruction and orbital floor defects.

Dr. Barut took part in Turkey’s third face transplant operation. He is known for achieving natural-looking results using advanced, minimally invasive methods. He has worked at leading hospitals in Turkey and now practices in Istanbul. Dr. Barut provides patient-focused care to both local and international patients. His experience and scientific work make him a leading choice for plastic surgery in Turkey.

Professional Experience:

Faculty of Medicine:
Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine (2017)

Specialization:
Marmara University, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (2018-2022)

Surgical Trainings:
Active Physician/Plastic Surgeon in Marmara University Hospital / over 5 years of experience
and has performed over 600 surgeries and involved in more than 200 surgeries.

Dr. Selin Güler embarked on her medical journey at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical School. After completing her primary medical education there, she opted for one of the top 3 medical schools, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, for her Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery higher medical education.

Dr. Selin Güler initiated her professional career at Boyabat State Hospital and later transitioned to Dokuz Eylül University. In 2022, she assumed the role of the main plastic surgeon at Private Medifema Hospital. And became one of the most sought after doctors in Turkey in her field in a very short time.

Bagirowa Zarina Dzhamaleddinovna leading cosmetologist Kepro Esthetic & Antiage Clinic, medical consultant on hardware methods, trainer of the Allergan company on fillers of the Juvederm Group of Companies and the drug, trainer on thread methods Aptos Graduated from the Azerbaijan State Medical University in 2006 Master of Pharmacognosy. Clinical experience in cosmetology since 2008 Additional specialization and diploma in medical cosmetology based on the companies Beauty Aesthetics and Martinex. Baku. Clinical internship at the Alkazar clinic under the guidance of Dr. Philippe Barros. Monaco. Individual clinical internship in threadlifting under the guidance of an international trainer, doctor Elena Rumyantseva (Paris) Individual clinical internship on the use of botulinum toxin in cosmetology under the guidance of a medical adviser to the company "Allergan" (USA), doctor Avtomonov V. Yu. (Moscow) Individual clinical internship in ligature lifting of the company Нapру lift PROMOITALIA with leading plastic surgeons - Elena Karpova (Moscow) and Luca Vitucci (Milan) Scientific internship under the guidance of a plastic surgeon, Dr. Mauricio de Maio. Prague. Author of articles on the practical aspects of the work of a cosmetologist in the magazine "Art of Beauty". Lecturer at the school of medical cosmetology KEPRO School Baku since 2014. Speaker of international and local conferences in the field of aesthetic medicine since 2016 (AAAMC, KOLKHIDA, ICAMP).

Nigar Velizade - graduated from the Azerbaijan State Medical University, pediatric faculty. Work experience since 2008.

She is the official trainer of the company Galderma (Sweden) Restylane, and is also the official trainer for botulinum therapy Disport.

She completed clinical training in Italy (Verona), Switzerland (Bern), France (Nice), Turkey (Ankara), Georgia (Tbilisi). She participated in numerous conferences, courses in the field of aesthetic cosmetology, and received numerous certificates for each achievement. To this day, she continues to participate in learning innovations in the field of cosmetology.

Conducts the following therapies: mesotherapy, therapy, laennec, biorevitalization, collagen stimulators, contour plastic surgery, botulinum therapy, thread technologies, APTOS. Hardware procedures: needle RF, IPL technologies, Fractional CO2, etc.

Dr. Joo-young Park, MD
Chief Medical Director & CEO, BIOFACE Clinic
 

Professional Profile

Board-certified dermatologist and anti-aging specialist with over a decade of clinical and research leadership. Dr. Park combines expertise in laser sys, injectable aesthetics, thread-lift techniques, and regenerative therapies to deliver evidence-based protocols that prioritize patient safety, comfort, and natural, lasting outcomes. A sought-after educator and consultant, he has trained hundreds of clinicians and guided protocol development for leading medical device and biotech firms.

Education & Training

Dermatology Residency, Seoul National University Hospital
Advanced training in laser therapies, injectables, and anti-aging procedures

Medical Student Summer Program, Samsung Medical Center (Sungkyunkwan Univ.)

KSKCS Non-invasive Cosmetic Surgery Course

KCCS Asian Lipoplasty Workshop

Professional Experience

Founder, CEO & Medical Director, BioFace Clinic (2018–Present)
Lead all clinical operations, research initiatives, and strategic growth both domestically and internationally.

QOFill Filler Educator, JW Pharmaceutical (2016–Present)
Deliver hands-on workshops on safe, precise filler injection techniques to over 300 physicians nationwide.

HIFU Lifting Technology Consultant (2017–Present)
Advise device manufacturers on protocol optimization to maximize lift efficacy while minimizing downtime.

Clinical Advisor, L&C BIO (KOSDAQ-listed) (2019–Present)
Design and analyze clinical trials for novel dermatologic injectables.

Clinical Advisor, UTI (Application Specialist)
Provide scientific support and training for UTI’s aesthetic device portfolio.

Technical Consultant, NewThera
Guide R&D and protocol development for next-generation aesthetic injectables.

Invited Lectures & Publications

Invited Speaker, Medical Asia 2016
“Next-Generation Filler Strategies” presented to 500+ regional aesthetic practitioners.

Key Publication:
Kim JW, Li MH, Jang JH, et al.
15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂ rescues PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced apoptosis through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1: potential roles of Akt and ERK1/2.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;76(11):1577–1589.

Academic & Professional Memberships

Korean Academy of Laser Medicine

World Society for Laser Medicine & Surgery

Korean Society for Hair Research

Korean Society of Anti-Aging Dermatology

Korean Society of Obesity & Aesthetic Treatment

Korean Society of Obesity & Body Shaping

Korean Society for Therapy

Korean Society of Primary Care

Select Achievements

Developed research-driven, multi-modal anti-aging protocols integrating lasers, injectables, thread lifts, and -cell boosters.

Trained 300+ physicians in advanced filler and HIFU applications, elevating national standards of care.

Received the Korean Society of Aesthetic Medicine’s Excellence in Education Award.

Served as medical advisor on KBS health documentary series and multiple international media features.

Core Competencies

Evidence-Based Protocols: Continuous refinement through outcome analysis of thousands of patient cases

Integrated Anti-Aging: Holistic treatment plans tailored for minimal discomfort and rapid recovery

Educational Leadership: Curriculum design and delivery for clinician workshops and medical symposia

Strategic Consulting: Product development guidance for device manufacturers and biotech firms

Languages & Continuing Education

Languages: Korean (native), English (fluent)

Continuing Education: Regular faculty at international conferences; numerous peer-reviewed publications in leading dermatology journals.

Graduated from Cerrahpaşa University in 2015 and has worked in Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Hospital as Plastic Surgeon after graduation till 2023. Dr. Sedat Öz has been a part of the HWT team since the beginning of 2023 and handles all plastic and aesthetic operations.

Work Area

• Aesthetic Approach to the Whole Face - Filling, , Mesotherapy, Skin Rejuvenation & Renewal Procedures and Thread Lifting
• Liposuction (fat removal)
• Abdominoplasty (Abdominoplasty)
• Thigh Lift and Leg Aesthetics
• Blepharoplasty (Eyelid aesthetics)
• Rhinoplasty (Nose shaping)
• Facelift
• Otoplasty (Ear aesthetics)
• Aesthetic breast surgery (Enlargement, reduction, lift surgeries)
• Hair Transplantation
• Experience of performing Surgical and Non-surgical procedures on 10,000+ patients

Participations & Seminars

• National Plastic Surgery Congress
• International Aesthetic Surgery Seminar
• Rhinoplasty Workshop
• Facial Aesthetics and Rejuvenation Seminar
• Hair Transplantation and Treatments Congress
• Innovations in Aesthetic Surgery Seminar
• Breast Aesthetics and Surgery Course
• Temple Lift and Face Lift Course

Patient requests:

Age-related changes in various areas of the body;

Breast augmentation or correction;

Condition, after full or partial removal of the breast;

Consequences of injuries, burns, removal of various tumor-like formations;

Lymphatic edema of the extremities after various injuries and surgical interventions.

Areas:

All types of operations in the field of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery;

All types of microsurgical operations;

Consultation of patients.

Methods:

Surgical techniques aimed at correcting age-related changes in the face and body;

All types of operations with corrections of congenital and acquired skin defects and deformations of various localization;

All types of operations for the correction of postoperative scars and skin deformations;

All types of microsurgical operations.

Education

Kyiv Medical Institute named after O.O. Bogomolets in 1980, Sergeon;

Since 1980, work in the department of microsurgery and plastic surgery of NIHT named after O.O. Shalimova with a specialization in vascular surgery; 

1987 he defended his candidate's thesis "auto-alloneuroplasty of defects of the peripheral nerves of the limbs";

In 1996, he completed the cycle of works on microsurgery in the field of neuroplasticity, received the State Award of Ukraine in the field of science and technology;

In 1999, he defended his doctoral thesis "Autotransplantation of complex tissue complexes for closing defects in functionally important areas of the limbs";

Since 2007 - professor of the department of combustiology and plastic surgery, head of the cycle - "Mammoplasty";

Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery I

Doctor of Medicine Military Faculty of Medicine Gülhane Military Medical Academy 1997 

Specialty in Medicine Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery GATA Military Medical Academy /Ankara 2005 

Associate Professorship Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery 02.04.2015 to 2015 

Doctorate Thesis/S. Proficiency Study/Title of Medical Specialty Thesis: Comparison of TRAM surgery delay methods in risk groups: Experimental work with rats 

ntern Doctor Gülhane Military Medical Academy/Ankara 1997 to 1998 

Consultant Doctor 600 Bed Air Hospital /İzmir 1998 to 2000 

Plastic Surgery Specialization Student GATA Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery AD/Ankara 2000 to 2005 

Plastic Surgery Specialist Eskişehir Military Hospital; Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery Clinic Chief/Eskişehir 2005 to 2012 

Plastic Surgery Specialist Diyarbakır Military Hospital; Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery Clinic Chief /Diyarbakır 2012 to 2015 

Plastic Surgery Associate Professor Etimesgut Military Hospital/ Plastic Surgery Clinic Chief /Ankara 2015 to 2016 

Plastic Surgery Associate Professor (Lecturer) Ankara AtaTurkish Training and Research Hospital/ Plastic Surgery Clinic / Ankara 2016 to 2019 

Plastic Surgery Associate Professor (Lecturer) Ankara City Hospital Plastic Surgery Clinic /Ankara 2019 to 2020 

Plastic Surgery Associate Professor (Clinic Responsible) Eskişehir City Hospital Plastic Surgery Clinic /Eskişehir 2020 to 2021 

Duties Assumed in Experimental Research Projects: 

Use of autologous fibroblast and hylaluronic acid as filling material in soft tissue: Experimental study with rats. 2004 Project runner-Lead researcher 

A new distractor and experiment model for rat mandibula distraction. Experimental study with rats. 2005. Assistant researcher 

Assessment of a new distractor developed for rat mandibula distraction with scintigraphy. Experimental study with rats. 2007. Assistant researcher

 Memberships in Scientific Organizations: 

Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetical Surgery 

Association Membership (Took the proficiency examination held by the Association in the year 2011 and has been awarded proficiency certificate 

Awards: Received Tübitak publication encouragement awards
 

WORKS:
 

Mutlu FM, Duman H, Cil Y. Early-onset unilateral electric cataract: a rare clinical entity. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25(4):363 / 5.

Eski M, Nisanci M, Cil Y, Sengezer M, Ozcan A. A custom-made distraction device for experimental mandibular distraction osteogenesis. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16(4):675 / 83.

Ozturk S, Sengezer M, Isik S, Turegun M, Deveci M, Cil Y. Long-term outcomes of ultra-thin porous polyethylene implants used for reconstruction of orbital floor defects. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16(6):973 / 7.

Ozturk S, Cil Y, Sengezer M, Yigit T, Eski M, Ozcan A. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in the giant cutaneous horns accompanied with renal cell carcinoma. European Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2006;28(7):483 / 485.

Eski M, Cil Y, Durmuş M, Sengezer M. Unusual facial impalement injury with wooden material. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(6):2087 / 8.

Eski M, Ilgan S, Cil Y, Sengezer M, Ozcan A, Yapici K. Assessment of distraction regenerate using quantitative bone scintigraphy. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58(3):328 / 34.

Cil Y, Eski M, Isik S. First dorsal metacarpal artery adipofascial flap for thenar burn contracture releasing. Burns. 2008;34(1):127 / 30.

Cil Y, Kocman AE. Wound site preparation using electrical dermatome. Burns. 2008;34(6):894 / 5.

Cil Y, Emre A, Ozturk S. Dissection of the expander pocket for burn scar alopecia treatment with the aid of urologic instrument and a foley catheter. J Burn Care Res. 2008;29(4):681.

Cil Y, Kocer NE, Yapici AK. Frontal parosteal lipoma. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(4):1122 / 5.

Cil Y. Loop drainage tube for reduction of edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008;32(6):937 / 8.

Cil Y, Ozturk S, Kocman AE, Isik S, Sengezer M. The crooked nose: the use of medial iliac crest bone graft as a supporting framework. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(6):1631 / 8.

Cil Y. Second-degree skin burn after intense pulsed light therapy with EMLA cream for hair removal. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48(2):206 / 7.

Çil Y. Conventional liposuction for gynecomastia treatment in selected patients. Eur J Breast Health 2009;5(1):34 / 39.

Cil Y, Yapici AK, Kocman AE, Ozturk S. Distally based venous flap for proximal phalangeal soft tissue burn defect and web space burn contracture. J Burn Care Res. 2009;30(4):643 / 7.

Cil Y, Kocman AE, Yapici AK. Distally based venous flap: a new technique for the correction of syndactyly without skin graft in adult patients. Musculoskelet Surg. 2009;93(3):123 / 9.

Çil Y. Giant Hairy Nevi Excision Defect Repair with Perforator Flap. Balkan Medical Journal 2010;27:448 / 449.

Cil Y, Kocabıyık N, Ozturk S, Isik S, Ozan H. A New Perforator Flap From Distal Medial Arm: A Cadaveric Study. Eplasty. 2010 Oct 18;10:e65.

Çil Y. Unusual skin burn with hot sealing wax and removal of wax particles from burned skin with sunflower oil. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery 2010;16:1.

Yildiz H, Cil Y, Simsek HA, Erginay T. Recurrent adult nasal dermoid cyst. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2011;4(2):151 / 2.

Cil Y, Yildiz H, Simsek HA. Sacral nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2011;4(2):161 / 2.

Cil Y, Eski M. Supraorbital Rim Contour Restoration with Porous Polyethylene Implant via Preexisting Scar. Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2011;4(1):59 / 60.

Cil Y, Kocman AE, Yapici AK, Ozturk S. Radial bone graft usage for nasal septal reconstruction. Indian J Plast Surg. 2011;44(1):36 / 40.

Çil Y, Babayiğit MA, Aktaş G, Yapıcı AK, ÖzTurkish S. Adipose tissue measurement in gynecomastia with computerized tomography. Erciyes Medical Journal 2012;34(1):15 / 19.

Çil Y, Kahraman E. An analysis of 45 patients with pure nasal fractures. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery. 2013;19(2):152 / 156.

Cil Y, Simsek HA, Yıldız H. Primary intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of the toe. Musculoskelet Surg. 2013;97(3):259 / 261.

Cil Y, Kocman AE. Railway graft for internal nasal valve reconstruction. European Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2014;37(11):583 / 588.

Cil Y. Second-degree skin burn with garlic and table salt. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2015;8(1):72 / 3.

Cil Y, Kocman AE. A New Reduction Mastopexy Design for Young Women: Snowman Pattern. World J Plast Surg. 2015;4(2):110 / 9.

Kocman EA, Yaşar FN, Kose AA, Cil Y, Karabagli Y, Çetin C. Freestyle Perforator-Based Fasciocutaneous Flap Reconstruction in Nicolau Syndrome-Related Tissue Necrosis. Indian J Surg. 2015;77(3):1187 / 90.

Çil Y. Tissue expander applications for head & neck deformities: A 7-Year Experience. Turk J Plast Surg. 2015;23(1):13 / 17.

Kahraman E, Cil Y, Incesulu A. The Effect of Nasal Obstruction after Different Nasal Surgeries Using Acoustic Rhinometry and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale. World J Plast Surg. 2016;5(3):236 / 243.

Çil Y. Gynecomastia Treatment with Liposuction Technique: An 8-Year Experience. Turk J Plast Surg. 2015;23(2):58 / 62.

Ozkan A, Cil Y. Reduction of zygomatic complex fracture using combination of microplate and miniplate osteosynthesis. Int J Dent Sci Res, 2016;4(3):35 / 37.

Cil Y, Salman N, Acar A, Tezel O, Yeşil H. Sodium Hypochlorite-Induced Upper Extremity Chemical Burns: Case Series of Eight Patients and a Review of the Literature. Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, 2016;4(3):1 / 6.

Key International Publication
Kim JW, Li MH, Jang JH, Na HK, Song NY, Lee C, Johnson JA, Surh YJ.
“15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂ rescues PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced apoptosis through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1: potential roles of Akt and ERK1/2.”
Biochemical Pharmacology. 2008 Dec 1;76(11):1577–1589.

International Conference Presentations

The International Meeting of the Society for Free Radical Research–Asia, Nov 6–8, 2003, Seoul, Korea

The 3rd International Congress of the Asian Society of Toxicology, Feb 1–6, 2003, Bangkok & Chiang Mai, Thailand

Domestic Conference Presentations

The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Annual Meeting, Oct 10–11, 2003, Seoul, Korea

The 19th Annual Meeting of the Korean Societies of Toxicology, May 30, 2003, Seoul, Korea

The 20th Annual Meeting of the Korean Societies of Toxicology, Oct 30, 2003, Seoul, Korea

The 58th Annual Fall Meeting of the Korean Pediatric Society, Oct 23–24, 2009, Sheraton Walkerhill, Seoul, Korea

The Annual Fall Meeting of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine, Oct 10–12, 2014, Seoul, Korea

Assoc. Dr. Ezgi ÖZKUR was born in Beşiktaş. In 2005, she started Ege University Faculty of Medicine and graduated in 2011. In the same year, she started her specialization in Dermatology at Istanbul Training and Research Hospital.

Since 2011, she has been continuing her research in the field of dermatology. She worked as a dermatology specialist at Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital between 2016-2021, and worked as the administrative officer of Şişli Etfal EAH dermatology department between 2018-2019.

In 2015, she was accepted with a scholarship from the Cosmetic Surgery forum held in Las Vegas.

Dr. Nazmi Yoğurtçu was born in 1985 in Hatay, Turkey. He completed his medical education at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between 2004 and 2010. He then specialized in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine from 2011 to 2017.

Between 2017 and 2019, he worked at Muş State Hospital before establishing his own private clinic in 2019. Dr. Yoğurtçu is proficient in English and has gained international experience through advanced surgical training at ASAN Medical Center in South Korea and RWTH Aachen University in Germany.

His areas of expertise include blepharoplasty, thread facelift, facial lipofilling, otoplasty, bichectomy, mid-face lift, full facelift, revision facelift, breast augmentation, breast lift, breast reduction, gynecomastia, Vaser liposuction, tummy tuck, post-bariatric lipoabdominoplasty, back lift, arm lift, six-pack surgery, thigh lift, and mommy makeover.

DR.SHANIKA ARSECULARATNE

Dr. Shanika Arsecularatne represents an exciting hybrid in cosmetology and aesthetic medicine – a pairing of old-world techniques with new-world technology and the diverse and inclusive sensibilities of the modern woman.

Her mother is legendary Professor Ramani Arsecularatne, a pioneer in South Asian beauty culture for over 30 years. Inspired by her mother’s iconic career, Shanika became the youngest Sri Lankan to qualify as a medical cosmetologist at the American Academy of Aesthetic Medicine.

Shanika established Christell Luxury Wellness in 2014 to popularize non-invasive, sustainable & holistic solutions that combine Western innovation and Eastern sensibilities to address the underlying cause and not just the symptoms.

The Island’s Resident Beauty Doctor encourages people to explore their own body’s unique potential – because beauty in any given era is what we celebrate – and you can celebrate yourself always.

Dr. Shanika’s passion is molding a culture in which everyone lives in their happiest bodies – strong, healthy, and glowing with purpose and peace.

Dr. Emre Uregen, born in Ankara, Turkey in 1978, is a distinguished aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeon. He graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 2002 and completed his residency at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, where he performed over 2,000 surgeries.

In addition to his extensive expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, Dr. Uregen has made significant contributions to the field of hair loss treatment and transplantation. With a successful track record of over 5,000 hair transplantation procedures, he is highly regarded for his meticulous approach to the canal-opening process and his precise determination of the angle and direction of transplanted hair. Dr. Uregen emphasizes that these factors are crucial in achieving both the overall success and the natural appearance of hair transplant surgeries.

Dr. Emre Uregen’s dedication to excellence is evident in his comprehensive approach to both plastic surgery and hair restoration. His commitment to achieving optimal results for his patients reflects his passion for innovation and his desire to stay at the forefront of his field.